Bartholin Cyst
Bartholin cysts are common, particularly among women of reproductive age (20–30 years). They are typically benign, but larger cysts may cause discomfort or become infected.
What is a Bartholin cyst?
A Bartholin cyst, also known as Bartholin gland cyst, forms when a Bartholin gland duct becomes blocked, causing fluid to build up.
These glands, which produce vaginal lubrication, can develop cysts that vary in size from small bumps to larger lumps.
Bartholin Cyst Location
The two Bartholin glands are located inside the labia minora at the 4 and 8 o’clock positions of the vaginal opening.
Is a Bartholin cyst dangerous?
While most Bartholin cysts are harmless, infected cysts can cause significant discomfort, pain, fever, and difficulty with activities like sitting or walking.
Rarely, complications arise, but treatment is advised if symptoms are severe.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Blockage of the Duct: The most common cause is duct obstruction due to mucus buildup, infection, or inflammation. Thickened mucus during hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation) may also contribute.
- Infections: Sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs) like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, or other bacterial infections such as Escherichia coli (E.coli), can inflame the glands and block ducts, sometimes leading to an abscess.
- Trauma or Injury: Physical trauma, such as from sexual intercourse or childbirth, can injure the gland ducts, causing blockages and cyst formation.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during reproductive years can alter mucus consistency, increasing the risk of duct obstruction and cyst formation.
- Chronic Inflammation: Conditions like vulvovaginitis can cause persistent irritation, narrowing the ducts over time and promoting cyst development.
Bartholin Cyst Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on cyst size and infection status.
Asymptomatic Bartholin Cysts
- Small size, often unnoticed.
- No pain, swelling, or redness.
- Detected incidentally during gynaecological exams.
Bartholin Gland Abscess (infected Bartholin cyst, forms pus-filled pockets)
- Pain or Tenderness: Increased discomfort when walking, sitting, or during intercourse, especially if infected.
- Visible Lump or Swelling: A firm, round bump near the vaginal opening.
- Redness and Warmth: Infection leads to visible inflammation and warmth.
- Abscess Formation: Severe pain, fever, and pus accumulation signal an abscess.
- Painful Intercourse and Difficulty Walking: Larger cysts or abscesses can interfere with normal activities.
Bartholin Cyst and Menstruation
A Bartholin cyst doesn’t usually affect menstrual cycles but can cause discomfort during menstruation.
- Hormonal Influence: Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation can thicken mucus, potentially contributing to duct blockage or exacerbating existing cysts.
- Increased Discomfort: While menstruation doesn’t directly cause cysts, hormonal changes can make vaginal tissues more sensitive, increasing cyst-related discomfort.
- No Impact on Menstrual Flow: Bartholin cysts do not affect the menstrual cycle’s timing, duration, or flow.
Does Bartholin cyst affect pregnancy?
Bartholin cysts do not affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus, and thus have no impact on fertility or conception.
Additionally, since cysts are external to reproductive organs, they do not threaten fetal development.
Bartholin Cyst Treatment Options
Home Care for Bartholin Cysts
- Warm Compresses: Helps reduce pain and promote natural drainage.
- Sitz Baths: Soaking the area in warm water eases pressure and promotes healing.
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relief: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation.
- Good Hygiene: Keeping the area clean prevents infections.
Treatments for Bartholin Cysts
- Marsupialisation: Creates a permanent drainage opening to prevent recurrence.
- Antibiotic Treatment for STIs: Essential if the cyst is linked to an underlying infection.
Can Bartholin cyst come back?
Yes, cysts can recur for several reasons:
- Incomplete Drainage: Residual fluid can lead to reformation.
- Infection: Untreated or persisted infections raise recurrence risk.
- Recurrent Blockages: Chronic inflammation can predispose ducts to frequent obstruction.
Preventing Discomfort and Recurrence
Seeking prompt medical care for persistent or symptomatic cysts is crucial. Regular monitoring, good hygiene, and treating infections early can minimise recurrence.
Women with recurrent cysts should consult healthcare providers for individualised care plans.
For expert care, visit Prince Court, the leading hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, renowned for its top obstetricians and gynaecologists.
With state-of-the-art facilities and personalised treatment plans, Prince Court ensures you receive the best care possible. Your health deserves nothing less.
